Muindasitiri mapaipi masisitimu, mavharuvhu ndiwo akakosha ekudzora zvikamu, uye kusununguka kwavo kwekushanda uye kuvimbika kunokanganisa zvakananga kuchengetedzwa uye kugona kwehurongwa hwekushanda. Sechikamu chakakosha chekushanda kwevhavha, handwheel yevhavha haingogadziri maitiro ekushanda kwevhavha, asiwo inoita basa rekubatanidza mukugadzirwa kwese kwegadziriro. Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekugadzira mavharuvhu uye kufarirwa kwezvishandiso zvine hungwaru, kudiwa kweindasitiri kwekushandiswa kwevharuvhu handwheels nezvimwe zvishongedzo zvevharuvhu zvakawedzerawo. Maitiro ekuwana mutambo wakakwana pakati pevharuvhu handwheels uye zvimwe zvigadziriso zvevharuvhu, izvo zvisingagone kungoita shuwa kushanda kwese kwehurongwa, asi zvakare kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakakosha zvemamiriro akasiyana ekushanda, rave dambudziko rekukurumidzira kuti mainjiniya uye matekiniki agadzirise. Ichi chinyorwa chichakurukura zvakadzama kana valve handwheel inogona kushandiswa nemamwe mavharuvhu emidziyo kubva kune akawanda maonero akadai sechimiro, zviyero, zvigadziriso, kuisirwa uye mashandisiro, uye kuongorora mabhenefiti ayo ekushandisa uye kungwarira muinjiniya chaihwo, ichipa nyanzvi yekunongedzera kune hunyanzvi uye makambani ane hukama.
Zviri mukati
1. Nhanganyaya kuvharuvhu handwheels nemabasa avo
2. Magadzirirwo ekugadzira uye nzira yekugadzira yevhavha handwheels
3. Mhedziso yemamwe mavharuvhu emidziyo
4. Mitemo uye zvinyorwa zvekufananidza
5. Kugoneka kuongororwa kwekufananidza valve handwheels nezvimwe zvinhu
6. Makiyi matekinoroji uye kudzivirira mukufananidza
7. Kuongororwa kwezviitiko zvekushandisa chaiyo
1. Nhanganyaya kuvharuvhu handwheels nemabasa avo
Iyo valve handwheel chishandiso chekudzora chakaiswa pavharuvhu, uye basa rayo guru nderekuziva kuvhura nekuvhara kugadzirisa kwevhavha. Sekutarisana kwakananga kwekushanda kwevhavha, dhizaini yegumbo remaoko inobata zvakananga ruzivo rwemushandisi uye nekururama kwekugadzirisa valve. Mabasa ayo makuru anosanganisira:
Kudzora uye kugadzirisa: Nekutenderera handwheel, mufambisi anogona kunyatso kudzora kuvhura kana kuvhara dhigirii revhavha, nokudaro achigadzirisa kuyerera uye kumanikidza kwemvura.
Kudzivirirwa kwekuchengetedza: Yakakodzera handwheel dhizaini inogona kudzivirira yakawandisa kana kusaenzana kuvhurika nekuvhara kunokonzerwa nekusashanda zvakanaka, uye kudzivirira kushanda kwakachengeteka kwevhavha uye iyo yese pombi system.
Kureruka kwekushanda: Chimiro, zvinhu uye kurapa kwepamusoro kwegumbo remaoko zvine hukama zvakananga nekunzwa uye kushanda zvakanaka, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha kune masisitimu anoda kugara achishanda.
Mukuwedzera, iyo valve handwheel inoitawo basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa system uye kushanda kwekukurumidzira. Dhizaini yayo uye nhanho yekufananidza nezvimwe zvishongedzo zvinowanzo tarisa kushanda kwese kwesevhavha system.
2. Chimiro chekugadzira uye nzira yekugadzira yevhavha handwheel
2.1 Kuumbwa kwemaitiro
Iyo valve handwheel inonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zvinotevera:
Handwheel body: Ichi ndicho chikamu icho mushandisi anobata zvakananga. Kazhinji inogadzirwa nepamusoro-simbi yakakandwa yakasimba, simbi isina tsvina kana mapurasitiki einjiniya, uye ine hunhu hwekusaita ngura, kusapfeka uye kusagadzikana.
Fixture: Inoshandiswa kuisa zvakasimba handwheel pane valve. Mafomu akajairika anosanganisira ma threaded connection, snap-pakugadzirisa uye kuisa welding.
Decorative panel nelogo: Mamwe mavhiri emaoko akakwirira-akaiswa anti-panotsvedza, logo uye patani yekushongedza, izvo zvisingangokwidzi maratidziro chete, asiwo zvinogonesa mushandisi kuona mamiriro ekuvhura nekuvhara kwevharuvhu.
2.2 Maitiro ekugadzira
Iyo nzira yekugadzira yevhavha handwheel inonyanya kusanganisira kukanda, machining, kurapwa kwepamusoro uye kusangana uye kugadzirisa:
Kukandira: Pamavhiri emaoko esimbi,-tekinoroji yekukandira chaiyo inoshandiswa kuona kugadzikana uye kusimba kwemuviri wevhiri remaoko.
Machining: Ita machining, kugaya, kuchera uye kumwe kugadzirisa pamusoro pevhiri remaoko kuti uone kuti gomba rekuisa rakarurama, mupendero wakatsetseka, uye zvinodikanwa zvekushivirira zvinosangana.
Kurapa pamusoro pepamusoro: Nzira dzinoshandiswa pakurapa dzinosanganisira kupfapfaidza, anodizing, electroplating, zvichingodaro, kuwedzera kusaora uye kunaka, uku uchiwedzera anti{1}}kutsvedza kwevhiri reruoko.
Gungano uye debugging: Panguva yekugadzira, kuomarara kwemhando yekuongorora uye kuungana uye debugging ndizvo zvakakosha zvinongedzo kuti ive nechokwadi chechokwadi uye sevhisi yehupenyu hwehandwheel nevharuvhu.
3. Pfupiso ye zvimwe valve accessories
Mumaindasitiri epombi masisitimu, mavharuvhu haangoumbwa chete neiyo huru yevhavha muviri uye handwheel, asi zvakare anosanganisira akawanda ebetsero zvinhu, izvo zvinotora basa rakakosha mukuona kushanda kwakajairika kwevhavha. Zvakajairika valve accessories zvinosanganisira:
Zvisimbiso zvevhavha: inoshandiswa kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura uye kuve nechokwadi kuti vharafu inochengetedza kushanda kwakanaka kwekuvhara panguva yekuvhura nekuvhara.
Mavharuvhu ekubatanidza: senge maflange, shinda, majoini emagetsi, nezvimwe, anoshandiswa kubatanidza zvakasimba vharafu kune pombi system.
Vhunde revhavha uye dhiraivha dhiraivha: inoshandiswa kufambisa simba rekutenderera kwehandwheel kusundira vharuvha disc kana vheji yepakati kuti iwane switching operation.
Pressure sensors uye actuators: Mune akangwara ekudzora masisitimu, anoshandiswa kutarisa mamiriro evharuvhu munguva chaiyo uye otomatiki anogadzirisa kuyerera kwemvura.
Ese marudzi emidziyo yevharuvhu ane yakasimba indasitiri zviyero uye zvitupa zvinodiwa, uye mavhiri emaoko evharuvhu, sechikamu chakakosha chazvo, anonyanya kukoshesa kurongeka nezvimwe zvinhu.
4. Mitemo uye zvinyorwa zvekufananidza kushandiswa
Dhizaini, kugadzira uye kuisirwa mavharuvhu uye zvishongedzo zvadzo zvinofanirwa kuenderana nenhevedzano yepasi rose uye yenyika zviyero, izvo zvinopa hwaro hwehunyanzvi hwekuenderana kwechigadzirwa, kuvimbika uye kuchengeteka. Nezve mashandisirwo akaenzana evharuvhu handwheels nezvimwe zvishongedzo zvevharuvhu, zvinotevera zviyero uye zvakatemwa zvinonyanya kubatanidzwa:
4.1 International standards
ISO mazinga: akadai se ISO 5211 (chiyero chekubatanidza mavharuvhu actuators kumavharuvhu), iyo inotsanangudza zviyero uye kushivirira kwemaitiro ekushanda uye mavharuvhu anosanganisirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuchinjana pakati pezvigadzirwa kubva kune vakasiyana vagadziri.
API mwero: Miyero yeAmerican Petroleum Institute (API) ine zvinodiwa zvakasimba pazvishandiso zvevharuvhu, zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita semavhirivhavha emaoko, madzinde evharuvhu, uye zvisimbiso, uye anokodzera nzvimbo dzine njodzi yakakura semafuta negasi.
ANSI/ASME mwero: vharafu-zviyero zvine hukama zvakaburitswa neAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), kusanganisira zvinodiwa pakukura kwevhiri remaoko, zvekushandisa nemagadzirirwo ekugadzira, zvinopa maitiro ehunyanzvi akabatana ezvigadzirwa zvemavharuvhu eindasitiri.
4.2 Mitemo yenyika uye yedunhu
GB/T zviyero: Zviyero zvepasi rose zveChina zvine hurongwa hwakadzama hwemavharuvhu uye zvishongedzo zvevharuvhu, senge GB/T 12269, GB/T 12266 uye mamwe mazinga, anofukidza dhizaini, kugadzira uye kuyedza zvinodiwa zvevhavha maoko mavhiri.
DIN mitemo: German Industrial Standards (DIN) ine simba guru mumunda wekugadzira valve. Nyika zhinji dzeEurope dzinoshandisa chiyero ichi sechikonzero chehunyanzvi kuona kukwikwidza kwezvigadzirwa mumusika wepasirese.
JIS zviyero: MaJapan maindasitiri mayero anoitawo basa rakakosha mumusika weAsia, achipa akadzama tekinoroji paramita uye nzira dzekuongorora dzemashandisirwo emagetsi evharuvhu emaoko uye zvimwe zvinhu.
4.3 Indasitiri certification uye kuyedzwa
Kuti uone kunaka kwekushandiswa kunoenderana kwemavhiri emaoko uye zvimwe zvinhu, makambani mazhinji anofanirwa kupasa kuongororwa kwevechitatu-masangano ekupa zvitupa asati abva mufekitori. Aya ma certification anosanganisira:
Quality management system certification (senge ISO 9001): ita shuwa kuti kugadzirwa kwekambani kwakagadzikana uye zvigadzirwa zvinosangana nemaitiro ekugadzira.
Chigadzirwa certification (senge CE, UL, nezvimwewo): ita shuwa kuti chigadzirwa chinosangana nezvinodiwa nedzimwe nyika maererano nekuchengetedza, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, nezvimwe.
Pa-kuyedzwa kwesaiti: Mamwe makambani achaita pa-yedzo yepombi chaiyo maererano nezvinodiwa nemushandisi kuti vaone kuenderana uye kushanda kwezvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana.
5. Kugoneka kuongororwa kwekufananidza valve handwheels nezvimwe zvinhu
Sekushanda kwevhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavha mashandisirwo emagetsi emaoko nemamwe mavharuvhu anosanganisira akawanda ehunyanzvi uye maitiro ekuita. Izvi zvinotevera zvichaongororwa zvakadzama kubva pamaonero ekugadzira, kuisirwa, zvinhu uye kuenderana kwehurongwa.
5.1 Dhizaini kuenderana
Munguva yekugadzira nhanho, yega yega yevhavha yekuwedzera inoda kutevedzera saizi yakaenzana chiyero uye chimiro chechimiro kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchinjana uye kuenderana kwesese system. Semuyenzaniso:
Interface standardization: Mavhiri emawoko, mavharuvhu, ma actuators uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutora yakabatana interface standard (senge ISO 5211) kuve nechokwadi chekuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinogona kubatanidzwa zvisina musono kana chatsiviwa kana kukwidziridzwa.
Saizi yekufananidza: Munguva yekugadzira maitiro, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi kuti yekuisa aperture uye kugadzirisa nzira yehandwheel inopindirana nemagadzirirwo emagetsi emuviri wevhavhavha kuti udzivise kuiswa kwakasununguka kana kusagadzikana kushanda.
Kumanikidza kutapurirana dhizaini: Sechikamu chakakosha chekupinza chiratidzo chekudzora, kutapurirana kwe torque kwegumbo reruoko kunofanirwa kufunga nezve synergy nevhavha hunde uye chisimbiso kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hapazove nekuvuza kana kukuvadzwa nekuda kwekukanganisa kwemakanika panguva yekushanda.
5.2 Kuiswa uye kuenderana kwekubatanidza
Iyo yekumisikidza maitiro evhavha system inosarudza yekupedzisira yekudyidzana kushanda kwechimwe nechimwe chiwanikwa. Nekufananidza kushandiswa kwevhavha handwheel nezvimwe zvishongedzo, zvinofanirwa kutarisisa kune:
Kuisa kuenderana: Kana zvigadzirwa kubva kune vakasiyana vagadziri vakashandisa nzira dzakafanana dzekugadzirisa (senge shinda, mabhegi, nezvimwewo), zvinobatsira kukurumidza kuisirwa uye disassembly, uye kuderedza matambudziko anokonzerwa nekuisa zvisina kunaka.
Pa-kugadziridza kwesaiti: Mukuisa chaiko, pa-kugadziridza kwesaiti kunofanira kushandiswa kuona kubatana kuri pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kuona kuti vhiri reruoko, hunde revharuvhu, seals nezvimwe zvinobatidza zvinokwanisa kushanda pamwechete panguva yekushanda.
Gadzirisa uye kurerutsira: Iyo-yakagadzirwa zvakanaka mavhiri eruoko yakanakira kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa mune ramangwana, kuderedza mari yekugadzirisa uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi hwesevhisi.
5.3 Zvinhu uye maitiro matching
Mavhiri emaoko evharuvhu uye zvimwe zvishongedzo zvevharuvhu zvinowanzo gadzirwa ne-resistant, corrosion-resistant uye yakakwirira-zvinhu zvine simba. Kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana kwezvinhu zvekushandisa zvakasiyana mukushandiswa kwenguva refu-ndiko kiyi yekuwana kuenzanisa kwakanaka:
Material consistency: Zvishandiso zvakaita sesimbi isina tsvina, simbi yakakandwa kana mapurasitiki einjiniya anofanirwa kufananidzwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira mukusarudza kudzivirira matambudziko akadai sekuwedzera kwekupisa uye kupfeka kusaenzana kunokonzerwa nekusiyana kwezvinhu.
Maitiro ekurapa pamusoro: Kuburikidza nekupfapfaidza, electroplating, anodizing uye kumwe kurapwa, nzvimbo dzechikamu chimwe nechimwe dzine anti-corrosion uye anti-anti wear properties kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadzikana{2}}kwenguva yakareba yegadziriro pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akaoma.
Kurongeka kwemaitiro: Kunyatsogadzira machining uye maitiro ekuyedza akasimba anogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti kushivirira pakati pezvikamu zviri mukati meiyo dhizaini renji, nekudaro kuwana yakanaka yekufananidza uye yekuisa chisimbiso mhedzisiro.
6. Makiyi matekinoroji uye zvidziviriro mukufananidza kushandiswa
Mumashandisirwo anoshanda, kuitira kuti uwane yakanakisa kuenzanisa mhedzisiro pakati pevharuvhu handwheels uye mamwe mavharuvhu emidziyo, zvinodikanwa kutarisa kune anotevera tekinoroji ruzivo uye dziviriro:
6.1 Kuitwa kwakasimba kwe zviyero uye zvakatemwa
Kuvimba nezviyero zvepasirese: Mukugadzira, kugadzira uye kuisa maitiro, nyatso tevera zviyero zvepasirese uye nyika zviyero se ISO, DIN, ANSI, nezvimwewo kuve nechokwadi chekuchinjana uye kuenderana kwezvigadzirwa.
Certification uye kuyedzwa: Edzai zvizere zvishandiso zvese kuburikidza-nemasangano echitatu ekupa zvitupa kuti uone kuti zvinozadzisa zvinodiwa muzviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita sepressure, tembiricha, uye kusaita ngura.
6.2 Pa-kuisa panzvimbo uye kutumwa
Kuisirwa kwehunyanzvi: Zvinokurudzirwa kuti nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi dzive nebasa rekuisa uye kutumira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mainterfaces akabatana zvakasimba uye ane chisimbiso chepamusoro.
Kuongororwa nguva nenguva: Mushure mekuiswa, iyo valve system inofanirwa kuongororwa uye kuchengetwa nguva nenguva kuti ikurumidze kuwana uye kugadzirisa matambudziko anogona kukonzerwa nekupfeka kana kumisa kutsauka.
6.3 Sistimu dhizaini uye yakazara kufunga
Yakazara sisitimu optimization: Muchikamu chekugadzira system, kuwirirana kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana senge mavhiri emaoko, mavharuvhu stems, actuators uye zvisimbiso zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvakakwana kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti dhizaini yedhizaini inowirirana uye kuwana iyo yakakwana yekushanda mamiriro.
Kuenderana bvunzo: Isati yagadziriswa sisitimu kana kuisirwa kutsva, iyo yekufananidza mhedzisiro yechinhu chimwe nechimwe inosimbiswa kuburikidza neiyo prototype kuyedzwa kana simulation kuyedza kuderedza kusagadzikana mukuitwa kweprojekiti.
7. Kushanda kunoshanda nyaya yekuongorora
Kuti uwedzere kuratidza maitiro ekushandiswa kwevharuvhu handwheels uye zvimwe zvishongedzo zvevharuvhu, zvinotevera ndezvekuongorora nyaya mumapurojekiti akati wandei:
7.1 Chemical plant valve system
Mugadziriro yepombi yechirimwa chemakemikari, nekuda kwekuora kwakasimba kwemudziyo wekutapurirana, seti yakakwana yemavharuvhu nezvimwe zvinosangana nenyika dzepasi rose dzekudzivirira-kuora zvinosarudzwa. Mugadziriro iyi, vhiri reruoko, hunde revharuvhu, uye zvisimbiso zvese zvakagadzirwa necorrosion-resistainless steel materials uye zvinonyatsosarudzwa maererano neISO 5211 miyero. Mushure me-pakutumwa kwesaiti, sisitimu inofamba zvakanaka, uye zvikamu zvinonyatsoenderana, kudzivirira matambudziko ekudonha anokonzerwa nepakati corrosion. Ichi chiitiko chinoratidza kuti dhizaini yekuenzanisa uye kunyatsoita chiyero ndicho kiyi yekuona kuti-nguva uye kushanda kwakadzikama kwehurongwa.
7.2 Mutsara wekugadzira chikafu
Muindasitiri yekugadzira chikafu, zvinodikanwa zvehutsanana uye sterility zvakakwirira zvakanyanya. Fekitori yechikafu inoshandisa-mavharuvhu ehutsanana epamusoro uye zvishandiso zvemavhiri emaoko mugadziriro yayo yevharuvhu, uye zvigadzirwa zvayo zvese CE neFDA zvakasimbiswa. Ivhiri reruoko rakagadzirwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye dhizaini inodzivirira-kutsvedza, uye pamwe chete nezvimwe zvishongedzo zvevharuvhu, rinoumba pombi yakavharika uye ine hutsanana, kuitira kuti pasave nekusvibiswa kwakasiyana panguva yekugadzira. Mhosva iyi inoratidza kuti kuenderana kushandiswa kwevhavha handwheel uye zvimwe zvishongedzo hazvingogadzirise iko nyore kwekushanda, asi zvakare kunovimbisa hutsanana uye kuchengetedzeka kwechigadzirwa.
7.3 Simba uye nzira yekurapa mvura
Mumunda wesimba uye kurapwa kwemvura, mavharuvhu masisitimu anowanzoda kushanda pasi pekumanikidza kwakanyanya, kuderera kwekushisa kana kutonhora kwakanyanya. Mushonga wekuchenesa mvura unoshandisa-vharuvhu inoshanda yakakwira, umo vhiri reruoko uye makiyi emidziyo yakaita semuviri wevharuvhu nemasimbiso zvese zvinogadziriswa nepamusoro-tekinoroji chaiyo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderana pakati pezvikamu. Mushure menguva yakareba yekushanda, iyo system inoramba yakagadzikana, uye pane inenge isina kubuda kana kuvhara kukundikana panguva yekushanda. Mhosva iyi inoratidza kuti pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akanyanya, kuburikidza nesainzi yekufananidza dhizaini uye yakasimba yemhando yekudzora, kushanda kwakachengeteka kwehurongwa kunogona kuvimbiswa zvinobudirira.
