Muchigadzirwa chekugadzira michina muShandong,{{0}makore matatu-chichina chekutsikisa chidhindo chaive netsanangudzo yekumisikidza nekuda kwekujairika kwevhiri remaoko, ichigadzira 1,200 zvigadzirwa zvisina kukwana pamwedzi, uye kurasikirwa chaiko kunodarika 80,000 yuan. Izvi zvinogara zvichiitwa "small component" - the stamping handwheel, kana rikasachengetwa zvakanaka, rinokanganisa kushanda zvakanaka uye kukonzera tsaona dzekuchengetedza zvakanyanya. Tichibatanidza{9}}mberi kwekugadzirisa, chinyorwa chino chinoongorora nzvimbo dzekugadzirisastamping handwheels kubva pamativi mashanu: ongororo yezvimiro, kugadzirisa kwezuva nezuva,-kutarisira kwakadzama, kugadzirisa matambudziko, uye kurudziro yekusarudza, kubatsira vashandisi kudzivirira "zvikamu zvidiki zvinokonzera matambudziko makuru."
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Spokes uye hubs: the core skeleton inotakura torque
Handle and shaft: the key connection for human-machine interaction
Bearings uye zvisimbiso: "majoini" ayo anovimbisa kushanda kunoshanduka
Chikero uye chinzvimbo chekushandisa: iyo yakakosha chikamu cheiyo chaiyo control
Kucheneswa uye kubvisa guruva: danho rekutanga kudzivirira kupfeka kwechidimbu
Lubrication uye kugadzirisa: gwara rekusarudza girisi kune akasiyana mazvikamu
Kusimbisa kuongorora: kudzivirira kusunungura "nhatu-nhanho nzira"
Operation bvunzo: nzira iri nyore yekuwana yakavanzika njodzi nekukurumidza
Kugadzirira pamberi pe disassembly: zvishandiso uye zvinyorwa zvinyorwa
Bearing inspection: matatu zviyero zvekutonga kana kutsiva
Kurapa kwepamusoro: nzira dzakananga dzekubvisa ngura uye kudzivirira ngura
Precision calibration: nhanho yakakosha yekuve nechokwadi chekumisikidza chaiko
Ruzha rusina kujairika: sarudza nzvimbo yekukanganisa kubva kune inonzwika sosi
Kutenderera jamu: nhanho-nhanho shanu dzekugadzirisa dambudziko rekugadzirisa dambudziko
Mubato wakasununguka: hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa hwekupfeka kweshinda
Positioning deviation: matanho anoshanda ekuenzanisa chiyero
Mutoro wekuenzanisa: sarudza zvinhu zvinoenderana nekutsika frequency
Kugadziridzwa kwezvakatipoteredza: zvakakosha zvinodiwa kune hunyoro uye ine guruva zviratidziro
Ergonomics: isina kunanga kukanganisa kwekubata dhizaini pakugadzirisa
Structural analysis of stamping handwheels: nzwisisa chimiro usati wataura nezvekugadzirisa
① Spokes uye hubs: iyo core skeleton inotakura torque
Magadzirirwo ezvimiro: Spokes anonyanya kutaura-mhando (3-6 Root) kana yakasimba mhando, zvinhu zvacho zvinonyanya kukanda simbi (load capacity> 50N・m) kana aruminiyamu alloy (lightweight, load capacity 20-50N・m). Gumbo reruoko rwemuchina wekufogisa raive rakagadzirwa nesimbi yepasi. Mushure megore rimwe rekushandisa, masipoki akatsemuka, zvichikonzera kutadza kwekuisa.
Maintenance focus: Kubatana pakati pekutaura uye hub (stress concentration area) inoda kuongororwa nguva dzose. Imwe fekitori yemota mold yakawana 0.5mm madiki madiki kumberi kuburikidza nemagineti chekuongorora, kudzivirira tsaona yekurasa mold.
② Bata uye shaft: kubatanidza kwakakosha kwe-kudyidzana kwemichina
Nzira yekubatanidza: Mubato wakabatana neshaft kuburikidza nekiyi (flat kiyi/spline) kana shinda, uye chinongedzo chine thread chinoda kurambidza-kusunungura mushonga (sekuisa washer yemuchirimo). Imwe fekitari yemuchina haina kushandisa anti{2}}guruu inosunungura, zvichiita kuti mubato usununguke katatu pamwedzi, zvichikanganisa magadzirirwo azvo.
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu: Zvishandiso zvakajairika zvemubato ndeye ABS engineering mapurasitiki (akareruka) kana phenolic resin (tembiricha inodzivirira 120 degree), uye mibato yesimbi (senge simbi isina tsvina) inodiwa munzvimbo dzekushisa kwepamusoro.
③ Bearings uye zvisimbiso: "majoini" kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kunoshanduka
Bearing type: sliding bearings (magadzirirwo{{0}emahara, akakodzera kumhanya yakaderera) kana mabhengi anomonereka (mabhora mabearings/tapered, high-scenarios). Ruoko rwemumwe muchina wekutsikirira rinoshandisa kutsvedza mabhengi asi harina kuzorwa, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwe40% mukupokana nekutenderera uye kuwedzera kwesimba rekushanda kubva pa8N kusvika pa12N.
Chisimbiso chimiro: muromo chisimbiso (dustproof) kana labyrinth chisimbiso (isina mvura). Nekuda kwekutadza kwemhete yechisimbiso mufekitari yemuchina wekudya, guruva reupfu rakapinda mubereko, zvichiita kuti vhiri remaoko rijamuke kaviri pamwedzi.
④ Chiyero uye chekumisikidza mudziyo: yakakosha zvikamu zvekunyatso kutonga
Chikero chemhando: sikero yesimbi (kupfeka-inomira) kana laser etching (chaiyo ±0.5 dhigirii). Nekuda kwekupfekwa kwechikero, mumwe muchina wekudhindisa chaiwo wakakonzera kutsauka kwenzvimbo kunodarika dhigirii 1 uye mwero wakakanganisika we5%.
Positioning mudziyo: chitubu pin positioning (nyore) kana hydraulic positioning (yakakwirira chaiyo), uye simba rechirimo rinoda kuongororwa nguva nenguva (yakajairwa: reset simba Guru kupfuura kana kuenzana ne5N).
Kugadzirisa kwezuva nezuva: maminitsi gumi pazuva, 90% zvishoma zvikanganiso
① Kuchenesa uye kubvisa guruva: danho rekutanga kudzivirira kupfeka kwechidimbu
Sarudzo yemidziyo: shandisa pfuti yemhepo (mhepo yekumanikidza 0.4-0.6MPa) kupeperetsa guruva repamusoro, shandisa bhurashi rakapfava + nekarerekera detergent (senge WD-40 diluent) kune tsvina dzakasindimara, uye usashandise simbi yeshinda (inokwenya pamusoro).
Nzvimbo dzakakosha: kutakura seal edge, scale groove (nyore kuunganidza guruva), imwe fekitori yemagetsi yakaita kuti chikero chive chakasviba nekuda kwekuwanda kweguruva muchiyero groove, uye nguva yekugadzirisa mold yakawedzera nemaminitsi matatu nguva imwe neimwe.
② Kuzora uye kugadzirisa: gwara rekusarudza girisi rezvikamu zvakasiyana
| Zvikamu | Lubrication cycle | Yakakurudzirwa girizi | Operation points |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bearings | Kamwe pashift | Lithium{{0}based grease (NLGI 2#) | Huwandu hunofanirwa kukwana kuzadza 1/3 yegomba rekubereka |
| Shaft thread | Kamwe pavhiki | Molybdenum disulfide paste | Isa zvakaenzana kumazino eshinda kuti udzivise mapundu |
| Kukiya chitubu | Kamwe pamwedzi | Silicone girisi | Mwaya nzvimbo yechirimo kudzivirira ngura uye kusamira |
Ongorora: data rinobva kuSKF lubrication manual, yakakodzera kune yakajairika tembiricha uye yepakati mutoro mamiriro
③ Kusimbisa kuongorora: "nhatu-nhanho nzira" kudzivirira kusunungura
Ongororo yekuona: tarisa kana paine mukaha pakati pemubato uye yekubatanidza shaft (yakajairwa: isingasviki kana kuenzana ne0.2mm), imwe fekitori yemuchina yakafuratira gap re0.5mm, zvichikonzera kupfeka kwekiyi mushure memwedzi mitatu.
Torque bvunzo: Shandisa torque wrench kuona iyo inosimbisa torque yechibatiso (inokurudzirwa kukosha: M8 shinda 20-25N · m). Ruoko rwemumwe muchina wekuumba jekiseni rwakatsvedza panguva yekugadziriswa kwe mold nekuda kwekusakwana torque (15N · m).
Anti-marapirwo ekusunungura: Maka anti-mutsara wekusunungura pachikamu chekubatanidza chine thread, uye{2}}simbisazve kana kutsauka kwapfuura 2mm. Imwe tambo yekugadzira mota yakadzikisa mubato wekusunungura mwero kubva pa15% kusvika 1% kuburikidza nenzira iyi.
④ Muedzo wekushanda: Nzira iri nyore yekukurumidza kuwana njodzi dzakavanzika
Kupopotedzana kunopesana: Paunenge uchitenderedza handwheel pasina mutoro, kupikisa kunofanirwa kunge kuri Kuderera kana kuenzana ne5N (inoonekwa nechiyero chechirimo). Kana ichipfuura 8N, tarisa kubereka kana lubrication mamiriro.
Kumisikidza kurongeka: Tendeukira kune chimwe chikero, dzokorora katatu kuyera kutsauka, uye gadzirisa kana ichipfuura ± 1 dhigirii. Fekitori inodhinda zvitambi saka yakaona dambudziko rekupfeka kwegiya pachine nguva.
-zvakadzama maintenance: kugaro patsanura kudzivirira matambudziko asati aitika
① Gadziriro isati yasassembly: maturusi uye rekodhi mapoinzi
Rondedzero yemidziyo: dhizaini (yekubvisa mabheji), dial chiratidzo (yekuyera coaxiality), torque wrench (chaiyo ± 2%). Boka rokutarisira rakashaya chokudhonza uye chokumanikidzira kuputsa, zvichiguma nokukuvadzwa.
Status rekodhi: dhirowa ikozvino chiyero chinzvimbo cheruoko uye chinzvimbo cheruzha rusina kujairika kana fanicha ichitenderera. Fekitori yemidziyo yemuchina haina kurekodha mamiriro ekutanga, zvichikonzera kutsauka kwekumisikidza panguva yekusanganazve, uye kuitazve kwakatora maawa maviri.
② Kuongorora: mipimo mitatu yekutonga kana kutsiva
Kuonekwa kwekupfeka: shandisa micrometer kuyera dhayamita yemukati yeberengi. Kana iyo yekupfeka yakakura kupfuura 0.05mm (ye φ50mm mabheji), inofanira kutsiviwa. Muchina wekufogisa hauna kutsiva fani nekuti waive wakapfekwa 0.1mm, zvichikonzera kubuda kwehandwheel kunodarika 0.3mm.
Kuongorora kwekuchenesa: Kana iyo axial clearance yakakura kupfuura 0.2mm kana radial clearance yakakura kupfuura 0.1mm, kugadzirisa kana kutsiva kunodiwa. Muchina wekudhinda wakapfuura chiyero ichi uye wakawedzera kutenderera kutenderera kubva pagore 1 kusvika kumakore 1.5.
Mamiriro ekuzora: Bvisa mabheji kuti uone girizi. Kana ikaita dema (oxidized) kana agglomerated, inoda kucheneswa uye kuzorwa girizi kunyangwe isina kupfeka. Fekitari yezvokudya nokudaro yakadzivisa ngozi yokushatisa girisi.
③ Kurapwa kwepamusoro: Yakananga nzira dzekubvisa ngura nekudzivirira ngura
Matanho ekubvisa ngura: Nyura zvikamu zvine ngura mu10% citric acid solution kwemaawa maviri, wozozvichenesa nebrashi remhangura. Muchina wekuchera wakashandisa hydrochloric acid kubvisa ngura, izvo zvakaita kuti ngura yesimbi iwedzere.
Anti-rust treatment: Spray rust inhibitor (seCRC 03083). Muedzo wekupfapfaidza munyu unoratidza kuti kushomeka kwekuora kunowedzerwa kubva pamaawa mazana matatu kusvika kumaawa 800 mushure mekurapwa, iyo inokodzera mamiriro egungwa.
④ Precision calibration: nhanho yakakosha yekuve nechokwadi chekumira chaiko
Coaxiality calibration: gadzirisa vhiri reruoko pachirungiro, shandisa dial chiratidzo kuyera vhiri rim runout, uye gadzirisa nzvimbo yekubereka kana yadarika 0.1mm. Fekitori chaiyo yekuumbwa yakavandudza iko kutsika kubva ± 0.2mm kusvika ± 0.05mm kuburikidza necalibration.
Scale calibration: use the machine tool zero point as the reference, calibrate each scale in turn, and re-mark when the error is >0.5℃. Imwe fekitori yemota inovhara mold yakawedzera zvikamu zvekupasa kubva pa92% kusvika 98%.
Common kukanganisa kubata: kukurumidza kupindura kuderedza downtime kurasikirwa
① Ruzha rusina kujairika: sarudza nzvimbo yekukanganisa kubva kune inonzwika sosi
Ruzha rusina kujairika: "tinya" ruzha → kupfeka bhora (kutsiva kubereka), "kurira" ruzha → kusakwana kwekuzora (kuchena uye girisi), imwe fekitori yemuchina inoshandisa stethoscope positioning kupfupisa nguva yekunetsa kubva paawa imwe kusvika pamaminitsi gumi.
Spoke vibration: ruzha rusina kujairika panguva yakakwira-kutenderera kwekumhanya → dynamic balance balance, uremu hwekutaura hunodiwa (zvinokurudzirwa kunyatsoita G6.3 level), fekitori yemotor yakagadzirisa dambudziko reresonance pa1500rpm.
② Kutenderera jamu: nhanho-nhanho shanu dzekugadzirisa dambudziko rekugadzirisa dambudziko rejamu
Cheki yekuzora: tanga wedzera girisi yekushanda kwekuedza, 40% yejamu inokonzerwa nekusakwana kwemafuta.
Chisimbiso cheki: bvisa chisimbiso chindori uye chenesa yemukati yekunze nyaya (yakajairwa: simbi filings, faibha), machira emuchina fekitori yakagadzirisa jamu rakakonzerwa nekuvharika kwedonje.
Match clearance: kuyera kucheneswa pakati pe shaft nebearing, tsiva fani kana ichipfuura 0.1mm, muchina wekudhinda wakaderedza handwheel kutenderera kuramba kubva 15N kusvika 6N.
Deformation check: shandisa right-angle rula kuyera kudzika kwechitaurwa, wogadzirisa kana kutsiva kana ichidarika 1℃. Ivhiri reruoko remuchina wekufogisa rakavharwa nekuda kwekudhumhana, uye rakadzokera kune zvakajairika mushure mekugadzirisa.
Positioning mudziyo: tarisa iyo yekumisikidza pini chitubu simba, tsiva chitubu kana chiri pasi pe3N, muchina wakagadzirisa jamu mushure mekumisa.
③ Mubato wakasununguka: Mazano ekugadzirisa ekupfeka kweshinda
Kupfeka kudiki: Isa shinda yekukiya (yakadai seLoctite 243), uye torque ichawedzera ne30% mushure mekurapa. Imwe tambo yekugadzira mota yakashandisa nzira iyi kudzikisa mubato wekusunungura chiyero kubva kashanu pasvondo kusvika ku0 nguva.
Kupfeka kwakanyanya: Paunenge uchitsiva hukuru hweshinda saizi (seM8 kusvika M10), mubato unofanirwa kutsiviwa panguva imwe chete. Imwe fekitari yematurusi emuchina yakagadzirisa dambudziko rekugara uchitsiviwa nemubato.
④ Kumisikidza kutsauka: Matanho anoshanda ekuenzanisa zviyero
Zero point calibration: Pamaoko gadzirisa mold kune mechaniki zero point uye maka chiyero cheruoko.
Segment calibration: Calibrate kamwe chete pa90 degree, shandisa micrometer kuyera mold chinzvimbo, uye gadzirisa sikero inonamirwa kana kutsauka kwakakura kupfuura 0.1mm.
Dynamic verification: Shandura handwheel nguva nenguva kune 5 madenderedzwa uye rekodha kukanganisa kwekumisikidza. Imwe fekitori chaiyo yekudhinda yakadzora iko kurongeka kubva ± 0.3mm kusvika ± 0.05mm kuburikidza nemaitiro aya.
Mazano ekusarudza: Kusarudzwa kwakarurama kunoderedza mari yekugadzirisa
① Mutoro wekuenzanisa: Sarudza zvinhu zvinoenderana neiyo punching frequency
Low frequency (<10 times/minute): Select ABS handle + cast iron spoke (low cost, simple maintenance), such as AIDA small punch handwheel, maintenance cycle 3 months.
Medium frequency (10-30 nguva / miniti): Sarudza aruminiyamu alloy akataura + bhora rinotakura (yakanaka kupisa kupisa, kuneta kuramba), yakadai seJinfeng punch handwheel, kuchengetedza kutenderera 2 mwedzi.
High frequency (>30 nguva/miniti): Sarudza simbi yakataura + yega-inoisa lubricating bearing (yekuchengetedza-yemahara), seTiantian precision punch handwheel, kutenderera kwemwedzi mitanhatu.
② Kugadziriswa kwezvakatipoteredza: zvakakosha zvinodikanwa zvezvinyoro uye zvine guruva zviratidziro
Humid nharaunda: Sarudza 304 Stainless simbi yakataura + perfluoroether rubber seal, saka yekugezera fekitori punch handwheel inoderedza ngura frequency kubva kamwe pamwedzi kusvika kamwe pagore.
Nzvimbo ine guruva: sarudza labyrinth chisimbiso + chivharo cheguruva, kutenderera kwehandwheel ye simende yakawedzerwa kubva pamazuva gumi nemashanu kusvika kumwedzi miviri, uye kukundikana kwehuwandu hwakaderedzwa ne70%.
High temperature environment (>150 dhigirii): sarudza phenolic resin mubato + yakakwira tembiricha girisi (tembiricha inopesana ne200 degree), saka vhiri reruoko rechirimwa chekuforoma rakadzivirira dambudziko rekugadzirisa mubato.
③ Ergonomics: isina kunanga kukanganisa kwekubata dhizaini pakugadzirisa
Bata dhayamita: Iyo yakanyanya kubata dhayamita ndeye 40-50mm. Iyo handwheel dhayamita yefekitori yemuchina ndeye 60mm, inotungamira kune 20% kuwedzera kwesimba rekushanda, zvisina kunanga zvichiwedzera kupfeka kwekutakura.
Anti-kutsvedza kwemavara: Magadzirirwo edhaimani ane 30% kukwesha kukuru pane kutwasanuka. Gumbo remaoko refekitari yemagetsi nokudaro rinoderedza kusunungurwa kwetsaona kunokonzerwa nokutsvedza.
Summary
Kugadziriswa kwemavhiri emaoko ndiko "mapoinzi matatu pakusarudza, mapoinzi manomwe pakugadzirisa": pakusarudza, zvinhu uye chimiro chinofanira kunyatsoenderana zvichienderana nekuremerwa uye nharaunda, uye matatu-layer system "yekuchenesa zuva nezuva + kugarogadzirisa + nguva yekugadziriswa" inofanirwa kuteverwa panguva yekugadzirisa. Tsika yeimwe mota yeOEM yakaratidza kuti kuita kwakasimba kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa kunogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwevhiri reruoko kubva pamakore maviri kusvika pamakore mashanu, uye kuderedza nguva yekudzikira kunokonzerwa nekutadza kwakabatana ne80%. Kune michina yekutsikisa ine yakakwira oparesheni frequency uye yakasimba chaizvo zvinodiwa, zvinokurudzirwa kumisikidza "imwe mudziyo faira imwe" kurekodha nguva, zvirimo, uye zvinotsiva zvikamu zvega kwega kugadzirisa, uye kukwidziridza kutenderera kwekugadzirisa kuburikidza nekuunganidza data. Sezvakataurwa nainjiniya mukuru wezvishandiso: "Kunyangwe vhiri reruoko riri diki, inzvimbo yakakosha mukudyidzana kwevanhu{9}}mumakina. Kuita kugadzirisa kusvika zvakanyanya kuderedza njodzi dzekugadzira."
